Solar power integration supporting peak energy demand in India

Technological innovations in solar panels enhance their efficiency, leading to widespread adoption that helps meet peak energy demand. In line with this momentum, India is accelerating growth in the sector through progressive financing models such as the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme and green bonds. Gautam Mohanka, CEO of Gautam Solar, emphasises that these initiatives play a crucial role in large-scale manufacturing and infrastructure development, positioning India as a key player in the global solar energy landscape. Let us learn more from him during this interview.

How can integrating large-scale solar PV systems into substations enhance grid stability and support peak energy demand efficiently?

The government has recognised the peak energy demand as one of the pivotal areas in India’s renewable energy landscape to meet the increasing global need for clean energy. Large-scale solar power projects have emerged as alternatives to conventional power systems, generating electricity directly from sunlight through solar PV systems. Incorporating these systems into substations would reduce dependence on fossil fuels, lower emissions and enhance grid stability. Peak demand support, voltage and frequency regulation and reduced transmission losses are just a few ways these systems provide resilience to the energy supply. They are contactless yet highly cost-effective and scalable in enhancing energy independence, often playing a key role in transitioning to a sustainable power infrastructure.

How do floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems and submersible substations enhance energy resilience and sustainability in flood-prone regions?

Flood-prone regions increasingly rely on floating solar panel farms and submersible substations as a viable solution for energy resilience and reliability. Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems allow power generation all year round, as the change in water levels is overhead from submerging the floating PV panels. Moreover, water’s cooling effect enhances these plants’ efficiency by 5 per cent to 15 per cent. Such systems also help reduce evaporation from water bodies, control algae growth, and improve water quality. Submersible substations work even under flooded conditions and protect electrical infrastructure while ensuring zero interruptions in electricity distribution.

Overall, these technologies help secure energy security, minimise land use by exploiting water bodies, and support sustainable hybrid renewable energy systems while decreasing fossil fuel dependence.

How do emerging solar panel technologies contribute to energy efficiency and environmental sustainability?

New solar panel technologies, such as bifacial and transparent solar panels, focus on energy efficiency and sustainability by increasing the energy produced, reducing land footprint and allowing integration onto various surfaces. Bifacial panels capture sunlight from both sides and allow better efficiency, while transparent panels can be used in windows and facades for energy generation from buildings. Thin-film and organic solar cells constitute flexible and sustainable options, while perovskite cells are expected to attain high efficiencies at lower costs. These developments maximise land use with floating solar farms, accelerate the adoption of renewable energy technologies, minimise dependence on fossil fuels, and enable better energy storage, ensuring a clean and sustainable future.

How is innovative financing contributing to large-scale solar panel manufacturing growth in India?

Innovative financing models, including the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, green bonds, the RESCO model, government support, and international funding, back large-scale solar panel manufacturing in India. The PLI scheme, with an outlay of ₹24,000 crores, encourages Gigawatt-scale solar PV module manufacturing by inviting investments and generating employment opportunities.

Green bonds, including masala bonds floated by IREDA, attract renewable energy projects and institutional investors. Under the RESCO model, solar installations can be made without any upfront payments, as private companies set up and maintain systems while consumers pay for the generation of energy. These funds are, therefore, crucial in facilitating the renewable energy transition and solar industry development in India.